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Edward Everett Hale (April 3, 1822 – June 10, 1909) was an American author, historian and Unitarian minister. ==Biography== Hale was born on April 3, 1822,〔Nelson, Randy F. ''The Almanac of American Letters''. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 41. ISBN 0-86576-008-X〕 in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Nathan Hale (1784–1863), proprietor and editor of the ''Boston Daily Advertiser'', and the brother of Lucretia Peabody Hale, Susan Hale, and Charles Hale. Edward Hale was a nephew of Edward Everett, the orator and statesman, and grand-nephew of Nathan Hale (1755-1776), the Revolutionary War hero executed by the British for espionage. Edward Everett Hale was also a descendant of Richard Everett and related to Helen Keller. Hale was a child prodigy who exhibited extraordinary literary skills. He graduated from Boston Latin School at age 13〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Harvard Square Library )〕 and enrolled at Harvard College immediately after. There, he settled in with the literary set, won two Bowdoin prizes and was elected the Class Poet.〔 He graduated second in his class in 1839〔Hall, Timothy L. ''American Religious Leaders''. Infobase Publishing, 2003: 156. ISBN 0-8160-4534-8〕 and then studied at Harvard Divinity School. Decades later, he reflected on the new liberal theology there: Hale was licensed to preach as a Unitarian minister in 1842〔 by the Boston Association of Ministers. In 1846 he became pastor of the Church of the Unity in Worcester, Massachusetts.〔 Hale married Emily Baldwin Perkins in 1852; she was the niece of Connecticut Governor and U.S. Senator Roger Sherman Baldwin and Emily Pitkin Perkins Baldwin on her father's side and Lyman Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher on her mother's side. They had nine children: Alexander, b & d 1853; Ellen Day, 1854–1939; Arthur, 1859–1939;Charles Alexander, 1861–1867; Edward Everett, Jr., 1863–1932; Philip Leslie Hale, 1865–1931; Herbert Dudley, 1866–1908; Henry Kidder, 1868–1876; Robert Beverly, 1869–1895.〔〔 Hale left the Unity Church in 1856 to become pastor at the South Congregational Church, Boston, where he served until 1899. Hale first came to notice as a writer in 1859, when he contributed the short story "My Double and How He Undid Me" to the ''Atlantic Monthly''. He soon published other stories in the same periodical. His best known work was "The Man Without a Country", published in the ''Atlantic'' in 1863 and intended to strengthen support for the Union cause in the North.〔 As in some of his other non-romantic tales, he employed a minute realism which led his readers to suppose the narrative a record of fact. These two stories and such others as "The Rag-Man and the Rag-Woman" and "The Skeleton in the Closet", gave him a prominent position among short-story writers of 19th century America. His short story "The Brick Moon", serialized in the ''Atlantic Monthly'', is the first known fictional description of an artificial satellite. It was possibly an influence on the novel ''The Begum's Fortune'' by Jules Verne. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1865.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterH.pdf )〕 In recognition of his support for the Union during the American Civil War, Hale was elected as a Third Class Companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Hale assisted in founding the ''Christian Examiner, Old and New'' in 1869 and became its editor.〔 The story "Ten Times One is Ten" (1870), with its hero Harry Wadsworth, contained the motto, first enunciated in 1869 in his Lowell Institute lectures: "Look up and not down, look forward and not back, look out and not in, and lend a hand." This motto was the basis for the formation of Lend-a-Hand Clubs, Look-up Legions and Harry Wadsworth Clubs for young people. Out of the romantic Waldensian story "In His Name" (1873) there similarly grew several other organizations for religious work, such as King's Daughters, and King's Sons. In 1875, the ''Christian Examiner'' merged with Scribner's Magazine.〔 In 1881, Hale published the story "Hands Off" in ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine''. In the tale, a narrator goes through time to alter events in the past, thereby creating an alternate timeline. Paul J. Nahin writes that this story makes Hale a pioneer in emerging science fiction, time travel, and stories about changing the past.〔Nahin, Paul J. ''Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics, and Science Fiction''. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1999: 54. ISBN 0-387-98571-9〕 In the early 1880s Harriet E. "Hattie" Freeman became one of Hale's volunteer secretaries. Her family had been connected with Hale's church since 1861. As Hattie and Hale worked together they grew closer and closer. According to historian Sara Day, their relationship became loving and intimate. Day came to this conclusion after studying 3,000 Hale-Freeman love letters (1884-1909) held by the Library of Congress. The letters, donated to the library in 1969, had held their secrets until 2006 when Day realized that the intimate passages were written in Towndrow's shorthand.〔Day, Sara "Coded Letters, Concealed Love, The Larger Lives of Harriet Freeman and Edward Everett Hale." New Academia Publishing, 2014.〕 In 1886, Hale founded ''Lend a Hand'', which merged with the ''Charities Review'' in 1897), and the ''Lend a Hand Record''.〔 Throughout his life he contributed many articles on a variety of subjects to the periodicals of his day including the ''North American Review'', the ''Atlantic Monthly'', the ''Christian Register'', the ''Outlook'', and many more.〔 He was the author or editor of more than sixty books—fiction, travel, sermons, biography and history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= Smith College Northampton, MA, Hale family papers )〕 Hale retired as minister from the South Congregational Church in 1899 and chose as his successor Edward Cummings, father of E. E. Cummings.〔Sawyer-Lauçanno, Christopher. ''E. E. Cummings: A Biography''. Illinois: Sourcebooks, 2004: 12. ISBN 1-57071-775-3〕 By the turn of the century, Hale was recognized as among the nation's most important men of letters. Bostonians asked him to help ring in the new century on December 31, 1900, by presenting as psalm on the balcony of the Massachusetts State House.〔Hall, Timothy L. ''American Religious Leaders''. Infobase Publishing, 2003: 156–157. ISBN 0-8160-4534-8〕 In 1903 he became Chaplain of the United States Senate, and joined the Literary Society of Washington. The next year, he was elected as a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. Hale lived from 1869 to his death at the Edward Everett Hale House in Roxbury. He maintained a summer home in South Kingstown, Rhode Island where he and his family often spent summer months.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Edward Everett Hale House )〕 Hale died in Roxbury, by then part of Boston, in 1909. He was buried at Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Suffolk County, Massachusetts. A life-size likeness in bronze statue memorializing the man and his works stands in the Boston Public Garden. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Everett Hale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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